Traduction de «réacteur d'irradiation » (Français → Anglais) :

In the process of a progressive nuclear phase out, reactors and other nuclear facilities posing greater risks must be shut down immediately, i.e. all nuclear reactors and other nuclear installations in seismic regions or coastal areas with significant risk for rising sea level or a possibility for tsunamis, all reactors without secondary or full pressure containment, all nuclear boiling water reactors (BWR) with a single cooling system and storage of spent fuel outside of the containment and all nuclear installations built before 1980;

In Units 3 and 4, decommissioning measures are only possible to a limited extent, as the storage ponds still contain irradiated fuel elements.

to provide Euratom’s contribution to the ITER international fusion energy organisation and to ‘Broader Approach’ activities with Japan for the rapid realisation of fusion energy as well as to prepare and coordinate a programme of activities in preparation for the construction of a demonstration fusion reactor and related facilities including the international fusion materials irradiation facility

to prepare and coordinate a programme of activities in preparation for the construction of a demonstration fusion reactor and related facilities including the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF).

As regards a twin-unit facility with the same WWER 440/230 reactor type, the figure, purely for decommissioning up to the ‘green field’ stage, quoted by the Greifswald-based German state-controlled company Energiewerke Nord is €434 m. From a total figure of approximately €3.1 bn for seven WWER reactors (4 x WWER 440/230, 1 x WWER 440/213, 1 x WWER-70), including waste disposal and final storage of fuel elements, it can be inferred that the cost for a twin-unit WWER 440/230 facility would amount to some €890 m. These costs were calculated according to a somewhat older price basis than the one used for Bohunice and from that point of view ...[+++]are consequently more of an understatement than not; on the other hand, because of site conditions, they cover treatment of fuel elements of a kind not needed in Bohunice.

In particular, changes in the properties of the materials in the reactor pressure vessel and the components of the primary cooling circuit through neutron irradiation, heat, mechanical wear and tear and corrosion make it necessary to shut down a nuclear power plant definitively after a certain active life.