Traduction de «présomption de droit simple » (Français → Anglais) :

rebuttable presumption of law

presumption of fact recognized by law | presumption of mixed law and fact

presumption of law

irrebuttable presumption of law

socket and tubular single end tee wrench

single square junction [ T- branch ]

tubular single end socket tee wrench

rebuttable presumption [ inconclusive presumption | simple presumption ]

rights of the defence [ presumption of innocence | rights of the accused | right to counsel's visits | Defence rights(ECLAS) ]

The plaintiff further relies on case-law of the European Court of Human Rights on the interpretation of Article 6 of the ECHR to the effect that litigants are to be summoned to court hearings in such a way not only so as to have knowledge of the date and place of hearing, but also to have enough time to prepare a case and attend a court hearing, and that a formal dispatch of a notification letter without any confidence that it will reach the applicant in good time cannot be considered to be proper notification Further, the plaintiff refers to Kapetanios and Others v. Greece to the effect that the European Court of Human Rights has found ...[+++]that ordering the imposition of administrative fines on individuals accused of smuggling who had been acquitted of a criminal offence is a violation of Article 6(2) of the ECHR on the presumption of innocence and of Article 4 of Protocol No 7 on the right not to be tried or punished twice. Finally, the plaintiff queries whether, in the light of the ruling in Kapetanios and Others v. Greece, a fine of the dimensions in issue is suitable for categorisation as civil in nature, and is rather criminal.

This Directive upholds the fundamental rights and principles recognised by the Charter and by the ECHR, including the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment, the right to liberty and security, respect for private and family life, the right to the integrity of the person, the rights of the child, the integration of persons with disabilities, the right to an effective remedy and the right to a fair trial, the presumption of innocence and the rights of the defence.

The presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial are enshrined in Articles 47 and 48 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter), Article 6 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (the ECHR), Article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (the ICCPR) and Article 11 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

The presumption of innocence would be infringed if the burden of proof were shifted from the prosecution to the defence, without prejudice to any ex officio fact-finding powers of the court, to the independence of the judiciary when assessing the guilt of the suspect or accused person, and to the use of presumptions of fact or law concerning the criminal liability of a suspect or accused person.