Traduction de «Own price effects » (Anglais → Français) :

74. Stresses that dairy producers, especially small-scale dairy producers, are particularly vulnerable to imbalances in the supply chain, in particular owing to fluctuating demand, rising production costs and decreasing farm-gate prices, but also to the economic priorities in each Member State; considers that the downward pressure on prices by retailers from own-brand labelling and the persistent use of liquid milk as a ‘loss leader’ by retailers undermines the work and investment of producers in the dairy sector and devalues the end ...[+++] product for the consumer; defends the need to introduce codes of good practice among the various participants in the food supply chain; stresses the need to find mechanisms that effectively protect farmers from abuse by industry and distributors and their dominant position in the retail market, and asks the Commission to present its proposal on the containment of unfair trading practices as soon as possible and to consider a sector-specific approach to competition law and unfair trading practices;

Long-term access pricing may however be abused by the SMP operator over time to sell its retail services at prices lower than those for its regulated wholesale services (since it would charge its own downstream retail arm low long-term commitment prices), thereby in effect foreclosing the market.

Separated accounts for the NGA infrastructure and/or service elements to which access is mandated should be set up in such a manner that the NRA can (i) identify the cost of all relevant assets for the determination of access prices (including depreciation and valuation changes) and (ii) monitor effectively whether the SMP operator grants access under the same conditions and prices to other market participants as to its own downstream arm.

Therefore, they must be given the opportunity to protect their own national economies more effectively against imported goods which are sold at dumping prices and which destroy local markets and local people’s livelihoods.

3. Welcomes the Commission’s approach to the reform of State-owned enterprises in developing countries, which does not conceal the perplexities and uncertainties involved in the process, particularly the difficulties of reconciling privatisation measures with guaranteed equal access for all to services of general interest at an affordable price; considers, however, that the Commission should rely more heavily on EU experience and should not refuse (as it has done so far) to carry out a transparent, public and openly debated assessment of the effect which lib ...[+++]eralisation has had on employment, on the quality and the extent of the services provided and on working conditions in Europe;

According to TNT, the transfer into the escrow account by the UK authorities acts as a guarantee towards the pension trust, of which the benefit to Royal Mail would be that it is able to recover the deficit over a longer funding period and to use their own funds to strengthen their business. If Royal Mail had had to fund the deficit at once, depending on whether the pension liability in the balance sheet would already have reflected such deficit, they would have been confronted with a substantial loss and reduction of equity and, perhaps more importantly, a reduction of funds. In normal market conditions, if a company needs funds, it can borrow from the debt market or raise additional capital in the equity markets. In Royal Mail’s case, it ...[+++]appeared there was third possibility, namely, agreeing to a more lenient price cap in its price control with the regulator. Prices could increase by a substantial level without reaching abusively high levels. As Royal Mail’s consent was required to give effect to the price control, this was a matter within the power of Royal Mail and an option which was known to its shareholder.