Traduction de «challenge to a lay magistrate » (Anglais → Français) :

Only part-time (fee-paid) judges were dismissed, namely one tribunal judge, four Recorders (usually sitting 15 days or so a year) and eight (lay) magistrates; In some countries, the executive has an obligation, either by law or practice, to follow the proposal of the Council for the Judiciary to dismiss a judge (e.g. ES).

* BE: judicial members are either judges or prosecutors; BG: category prosecutors includes one elected investigative magistrate; DK: all members are formally appointed by the Minister of justice; category Appointed/nominated by other bodies/authorities includes two court representatives (nominated by the union for administrative staff and by the police union); FR: the Council has two formations – one with jurisdiction over sitting judges and one with jurisdiction over prosecutors; the Council includes one member of the Conseil d'Etat elected by the general assembly of the Conseil d'Etat; IT-CSM: Consiglio Superiore della Magistratu ...[+++]ra (covering civil and criminal judiciary); category judges includes two magistrates (judges and/or prosecutors) elected from the Supreme Court; IT-CPGA: Consiglio di presidenza della giustizia amministrativa (covering administrative judiciary); ES: members of the Council coming from the judiciary are appointed by the Parliament - the Council communicates to the Parliament the list of candidates who have received the support of a judges' association or of twenty five judges; MT: Leader of Opposition appoints one lay member; NL: members formally appointed by Royal Decree on the proposal of the Minister of Security and Justice; RO: elected magistrates validated by the Senate; SI: members elected by the National Assembly on the proposal of the President of the Republic.

· Provide the necessary conditions for the Supreme Council of the Magistracy to consolidate its work in protecting judicial independence and supporting individual magistrates faced by challenges touching on judicial independence;

It is time to boost, not cut, spending on research and innovation, both to face these challenges and to lay the basis for recovery.

The challenges that Community cable-laying has to face in terms of global competition and relocation of on-shore activities are similar to those of Community maritime transport.

These will examine the full range of options available for addressing the enforcement challenges of the future – from maintaining the current framework, to introducing new legislation – and should lay the ground for the Commission to decide on the most effective policy response.