Traduction de «electrical power distribution grid » (Anglais → Français) :

3 Underlines the numerous benefits of smart grids in terms of lowering greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of renewable energy and distributed generation, ensuring the security of supply to households, creating the conditions for efficient use of electricity in transport, giving consumers the ability to adapt their consumption to benefit from the lowest prices and at the same time save energy, improving energy efficiency, saving electrical power, reducing costly investments in elect ...[+++]ricity grids by using energy outside peak periods, boosting EU technology innovation and development, encouraging consumers to become ‘prosumers’ who produce their own energy and sell the surplus back on the market or receive credit for their surplus electricity, and making use of net metering; points out, also, that the development and use of smart grids greatly reduces energy loss during transmission and distribution; points out that automatic grid reconfiguration can be used to prevent or restore outages (self-healing capabilities); stresses, therefore, the importance of taking into account their position at the intersection of energy and environmental policies by undertaking a general review and rationalisation of the legislation and existing objectives;

Recalls that investment in renewable energy sources represents more than half of all investments in new generation capacity over the last ten years and will continue to grow; emphasises that according a large share of the energy mix to RES entails major challenges for existing network infrastructure, and that investment is necessary to overcome these challenges; notes that, in certain Member States in which the increased feed-in from RES was not accompanied by the development of energy infrastructure, supply security is challenged by such increased feed-in; emphasises that according to ENTSO-E a significant proportion of all the bottlenecks in European energy grids relate t ...[+++]o feed-in from RES; emphasises the importance of implementing new approaches to overcome bottlenecks in the distribution grids, which do not always entail grid extension and reinforcement; is confident that the benefits of upgrading the European grid, which is equally due to the single electricity market, can offset its costs by offering a much more efficient operation of the EU’s power system; calls on the Transmission System Operators to update their grid development policies in order to cope with the integration of RES generation capacities while maintaining security of supply, and to enhance cooperation with distribution system operators;

The electricity power distribution system in the tunnel shall be suitable for rescue services' equipment in accordance with the emergency plan for the tunnel.

(There are several options for distributing grid connection costs. Member States are likely to choose one or a combination of these. According to the ‘deep’ connection cost charging the developer of the installation generating electricity from renewable energy sources bears several grid infrastructure related costs (grid connection, grid reinforcement, and extension). Another approach is the ‘shallow’ connection cost charging, meaning that the develope ...[+++]r bears only the grid connection cost, but not the costs of reinforcement and extension (this is built into the grid tariffs and paid by the customers).

The primary energy ratio (PER) is given by: COP × 0,40 (or COP/2,5) for heat pumps with electrically driven compressors and by COP × 0,91 (or COP/1,1) for heat pumps with gas driven compressors, where 0,40 is the current European average electricity power generation efficiency including grid losses and 0,91 is the current European average gas efficiency including distribution ...[+++] losses.

The primary energy ratio (PER) is given by: COP × 0,40 (or COP/2,5) for electrically driven heat pumps and by COP × 0,91 (or COP/1,1) for gas driven or gas absorption heat pumps, where 0,40 is the current European average electricity power generation efficiency including grid losses and 0,91 is the current European average gas efficiency including distribution losses ac ...[+++]cording to Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2006 on energy end-use efficiency and energy services and repealing Council Directive 93/76/EEC (1).