Traduction de «spontaneous ageing » (Anglais → Français) :

It is in fact rather idealistic in this day and age to believe that, after years of studying and working in Europe, a citizen of a third country might spontaneously decide to return to a country lacking in adequate social structures and systems.

Moreover, according to a study by the EU Economic Policy Committee published in 2001, the 'spontaneous' effect of demographic ageing could increase the share of public expenditure earmarked for health and long-term care by between 1.7 and 4 GDP points.

The Ontario Farm Family Health Study documented a 40% to 50% increase in early spontaneous abortions in farm women exposed to 2,4-D or atrazine-type herbicides before conception (1220) Research done in Montreal has shown that fetuses exposed to pesticides through maternal home and garden use during pregnancy have a two to five times higher risk of developing acute lymphocytic leukemia by the age of nine.

Overall, the "spontaneous" effects of demographic ageing could increase the proportion of public expenditure on health and long-term care from 1.7 to almost 4 GDP points, i.e. a level of public expenditure representing between 7.5% (low hypothesis for I) and 12.1% of GDP (high hypothesis for S), compared with 5.5% (I) and 8.8% (S) of GDP in 2000.

Sweden, Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands, which fall into this group, would thus see demographic ageing generate a spontaneous increase in long-term care expenditure of approximately 1.7-2.5 GDP points, i.e. an almost twofold increase.

The paper also makes a useful summary of the state of knowledge in the key areas. The following is a list of areas considered by the group as worthy of research : - research aimed at establishing whether or not BSE has been transmitted to man; - working on the hypothesis that BSE may be transmissible to man, a number of suggestions are put forward aimed at establishing a risk assessment such as work on determining whether multiple dosing is cumulative and an estimation of the utilisation of offal in different human food products prior to the ban and the consumption of those products by individual age groups and socio-economic criteria; - is there infectivity in BSE-infected cattle derived products other than SBO (Specified Bovine Offal) ? ...[+++]; - further research to establish the precise reason or route for maternal transmission of BSE in some cases; - establish if it is possible that BSE originated as a (rare) spontaneous event in cattle and that the BSE agent is different from the scrapie agent; - can BSE be transmitted orally to pigs ?; - research into the development of diagnostic techniques for BSE and CJD; - establish the efficiency of BSE inactivation procedures used in the food and pharmaceutical industry; - certain areas are suggested for research into developing therapeutic treatment for victims of the CJD disease and also into developing a test which would indicate those people susceptible to the disease; - predictive research is also proposed as it has been shown that CJD occurs rarely in individuals with certain genes.