Traduction de «Facteur de remplissage en énergie électrique » (Français → Anglais) :

3. Emphasises that safe, secure, affordable and sustainable energy provision is indispensable for the competitiveness of European industry and the economy; emphasises that approximately half of the power plants in the EU need to be replaced in the coming decade and that the energy supply system needs to be modernised and made more flexible to accommodate the expected growing share of RES; highlights that the share of RES in electricity, heating and cooling and transport needs to be increased in a manner that is cost-efficient, taking into account the benefits and full costs of RES, including system costs, while safeguarding supply security; acknowledges the increasing competitiveness of renewable energy technologies and stresses that RES ...[+++] and clean-tech related industries are important growth drivers for Europe’s competitiveness, representing an enormous job creation potential and making an important contribution to the development of new industries and export markets;

That seems to be the limiting factor in so many areas, whether it's integrated energy systems, remote communities, or electrical vehicles.

The fact that petroleum fuel demand has likely peaked, or has nearly peaked, in North America may come as a surprise to some, but it's a phenomenon that's experienced in virtually all OECD countries, where demographics, mature transportation systems, new vehicle fuel efficiency regulations, and a growing market penetration of alternative fuels—biofuels and natural gas, for example—and electric vehicles combine to offset any growth in overall transportation energy demand as we move forward for the next 25 to 30 years.

C. whereas the five key factors for energy independence are: maximising energy efficiency, reducing global-warming gas emissions, optimising the commercial introduction of renewable energies, establishing hydrogen fuel-cell technology to store renewable energies and creating smart power grids to distribute energy,

I st = the lowest declared value of I at which the meter registers active electrical energy at unity power factor (polyphase meters with balanced load);

- Energy The aim will be to increase energy efficiency (fuel cells, batteries for electric vehicles, etc.), improve the technologies now used (nuclear safety, reduction in polluting emissions, etc.), develop the energies of the future (design of solar housing, new generation of windmills, thermonuclear fusion, etc.) and take socio-economic factors into account.