Traduction de «Obligation de moyens » (Français → Anglais) :

obligation of means [ general obligation of diligence | obligation of diligence | relative obligation ]

best efforts obligation | best endeavours obligation

due care | reasonable care

Domestic Medium & Long-Term Note Program

Euro Medium-Term Note program

Treasury note

Definition: In typical mild, moderate, or severe depressive episodes, the patient suffers from lowering of mood, reduction of energy, and decrease in activity. Capacity for enjoyment, interest, and concentration is reduced, and marked tiredness after even minimum effort is common. Sleep is usually disturbed and appetite diminished. Self-esteem and self-confidence are almost always reduced and, even in the mild form, some ideas of guilt or worthlessness are often present. The lowered mood varies little from day to day, is unresponsive to circumstances and may be accompanied by so-called somatic symptoms, such as loss of interest and pleasurable feelings, waking in the morning several hours before the usual time, depression worst in the morni ...[+++]ng, marked psychomotor retardation, agitation, loss of appetite, weight loss, and loss of libido. Depending upon the number and severity of the symptoms, a depressive episode may be specified as mild, moderate or severe. | single episodes of:depressive reaction | psychogenic depression | reactive depression

In the face of threats that come in many forms and are constantly changing, the new act needs to set out the basic principles underlying the actions to be taken, without prescribing in too much detail how those involved are to implement them; it is important to leave it to the Member States to determine the tools needed to meet their own specific needs and to place the former under an obligation to arrive at a result – the security of civil aviation – without an intrusive and counterproductive insistence on how this is to be achieved.

It wouldn't be an obligation to achieve results or an obligation of means, but an obligation to act.

What is at issue is whether we are speaking about an obligation of means that we are trying to convert to an obligation of result, whether we are speaking about an obligation regarding process that we are trying to convert to an obligation regarding outcome, whether we are speaking to a non-justiciable hortatory call that appears clear in the plain reading and the language used in the legislation, in section 41 of part VII, and we want to convert that to a justiciable obligatory requirement that is not reflected or intended, as can be found in the language to be used.

[Translation] Essentially, Bill S-3 replaces an obligation of means with an obligation of result; it replaces an obligation of process with an obligation to guarantee; it replaces a non-justiciable policy commitment with a mandatory legal commitment.