Traduction de «Régulateur à action intermittente » (Français → Anglais) :

sampling controller

pulse switch

two-temperature valve

proportional controller

stepping controller

proportional-plus-integral-plus-derivative controller | three-term controller

integral action controller

14. Urges the Commission and the Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) to place more emphasis on combating the problem of transmission curtailments at national borders; notes that savings equivalent to EUR 15 billion per year (10 % of the gas wholesale price) could be possible if existing market imperfections allowing uncompetitive price differentials between Member States are addressed; believes that a stronger role for ACER is necessary for a well-functioning internal energy market, as this requires both the significant development of infrastructure and of interconnectors that allow cross-border trade, and the rigorous enforcement of existing capacity allocation ...[+++] rules; calls for efforts to be stepped up with a view to improving cross-border interconnection and developing smart grids; finds it regrettable that some Member States are still in an ‘energy island’ as a result of a lack of energy interconnections with the rest of the EU, and that in certain regions of the EU increasing amounts of intermittent renewable energy cannot be transported to consumers owing to a lack of sufficient infrastructure;

This should underpin successive reviews of the list of markets susceptible to ex ante regulation and help national regulators to focus their efforts where competition is not yet effective and to do so in a convergent manner.

First, the improved transparency rules on equities and the new transparency rules on bonds and derivatives combined with the new reporting obligations and systems will greatly increase the level of transparency of financial markets, including commodities markets, towards regulators and market participants. Coupled with new powers for regulators, this should result in more orderly functioning of financial markets across the board.

68. Urges the 2007 Spring European Council to endorse the Energy Efficiency Action Plan action plan proposed by the Commission, which should at least contain the following elements: the placing of consumers, whether they are householders or commercial and industrial users, at the centre of energy policy; a road map at Council and Commission level for reaching a target for renewable energy of 50 % by 2040, a 30 % reduction at EU level in the CO2 target for 2020, an EU target for energy efficiency improvements of at least 20% by 2020 and a 60 to 80 % reduction for 2050; reform of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) to guide the ma ...[+++]rket into investment in a low carbon economy, which should be driven by a set target for EU carbon emissions by 2020, including a target of 25 % of energy from renewable sources by 2020 and a binding target for car emissions; a step change in energy efficiency, faster implementation of existing EC rules in the Member States, or failing that, concrete improvements in the regulatory framework; a clearer separation of energy production from energy distribution through stronger independent regulatory control, which takes into account the interests of Europe as a whole, an effort to address missing interconnections, stimulate investment and innovation, minimum binding guidelines set out for regulators, including a procedure for the appointment of regulators, independence, transparency and accountability; an ambitious RD strategy on clean energy technologies, including an increase of at least 50 % in its annual spending on energy research over the next seven years; the development of an effective solidarity mechanism to deal with any energy supply crisis; a common foreign energy policy strategy so that it can increasingly speak with one voice to third countries; a doubling of the efforts to prompt global action to combat climate change, since the European Union cannot tackle the problem alone; and the full implementation of all current E ...