Traduction de «modification du code génétique humain » (Français → Anglais) :

This particularly applies (pursuant to Directive 86/609/EEC)(3) to animal experiments involving species which are closest to human beings. Altering the genetic heritage of animals and cloning of animals may be considered only if the aims are ethically justified and the conditions are such that the animals' welfare is guaranteed and the principles of biodiversity are respected.

- Ethics: networking between existing ethics bodies and activities in Europe, and promoting dialogue on ethics in research with other regions in the global context; awareness-raising and training activities in ethics; coordination and development of codes of conduct for research activities and technological developments; research on ethics in relation to science, technology developments and their applications, for example, in relation to information society, nanotechnologies, human genetics ...[+++]and biomedical research and in food technologies.

To help you understand what is meant by the expression ``new reproductive technologies'', I will give you a list of a few activities which were carried out and are still being developed because the government's moratorium is only ``voluntary'': contracts in which surrogate a mother is paid to carry a child she will give up to her customers after delivery; trade in human ova, sperm and embryos; child gender selection for non medical reasons; free in vitro fertilization for women who cannot afford it in exchange for ova; alteration of the genetic material of an ovum, sperm or embryo and its transmission to a subsequent generation; exp ...[+++]eriments on bringing babies to term in artificial wombs; duplication or cloning of human embryos; production of human and animal hybrids; use of ova retrieved from cadavers or foetuses to give birth to babies or for research purposes.

This moratorium, with its contradictory tag of ``voluntary'', asked the principal players in the field of new reproductive technologies to refrain from certain practices, which I will enumerate for you: preconception contracts, in which a woman is paid to be a surrogate mother; the sale or purchase of human ova, sperm or embryos; the selection of a child's sex without a medical reason; free in vitro fertilization for women unable to afford this service in exchange for ova; the alteration of human genetic material present in ova, s ...[+++]perm or embryos and its transmission to a subsequent generation; experimentation to maintain an embryo to term in an artificial uterus; the cloning of human embryos; the creation of hybrids of humans and animals; the use of ova from foetuses or cadavers to produce babies or for research purposes.

(a)information shall be provided on all the starting materials used for the manufacture of the active substance, including the products necessary for the genetic modification of human or animal cells and, as applicable, subsequent culture and preservation of the genetically modified cells, taking into consideration the possible absence of purification steps.

The ESC fully approves the ban on the patentability of eugenic practices which seek to modify the genetic code of the human being, and the ban on the patentability of processes for modifying the genetic identity of animals if these are likely to cause them suffering or handicaps without any benefit or which are out of proportion to the objectives pursued.