Traduction de «Réacteur du type AGR » (Français → Anglais) :

The basis for the decision to decommission Kozloduy Units 1-4 is the internationally recognised fact that Type WWER 440/230 reactors have serous design faults which affect their safety and cannot be effectively remedied at reasonable cost.

The financing required in order to decommission Kozloduy 1-4, including waste disposal and temporary storage of fuel elements, is said to amount to EUR 1800 m. This estimated cost is comparable, for example, to the cost of two dual-unit facilities with the same type of reactor at Greifswald in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Research to underpin the continued safe operation of all relevant types of existing reactor systems (including fuel cycle facilities), taking into account new challenges such as life-time extension and development of new advanced safety assessment methodologies (both the technical and human element) including as regards severe accidents, and to assess the potential, the safety and waste-management aspects of future reactor systems, in the short and medium term, thereby maintaining the high safety standards already achieved within the EU and considerably improving the long-term management of radioactive waste.

As regards a twin-unit facility with the same WWER 440/230 reactor type, the figure, purely for decommissioning up to the ‘green field’ stage, quoted by the Greifswald-based German state-controlled company Energiewerke Nord is €434 m. From a total figure of approximately €3.1 bn for seven WWER reactors (4 x WWER 440/230, 1 x WWER 440/213, 1 x WWER-70), including waste disposal and final storage of fuel elements, it can be inferred that the cost for a twin-unit WWER 440/230 facility would amount to some €890 m. These costs were calculated according to a somewhat older price basis than the one used for Bohunice and fro ...[+++]m that point of view are consequently more of an understatement than not; on the other hand, because of site conditions, they cover treatment of fuel elements of a kind not needed in Bohunice.

In particular, the Union has insisted that candidate countries that operate nuclear reactors of certain vintage types that cannot be upgraded at a reasonable cost commit themselves to their early closure according to a fixed timetable.

Nuclear safety has become one of the main objectives of Agenda 2000 , which classifies nuclear installations in the applicant countries in three categories: reactors of Western design, for which the aim must be to maintain a high level of safety over the long term; reactors of Soviet design which can be upgraded to acceptable safety levels, for which upgrading must produce satisfactory results in the immediate future and, finally, reactors of Soviet design which cannot be upgraded and must be closed down definitively.